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Lingering IFNγ, Not Fixed Epigenetics, Sustains Macrophage Memory, Study Finds

The research pinpoints residual cytokine signals bound near cells as the driver of the trained state.

Overview

  • UCLA researchers report in the Journal of Experimental Medicine that macrophage memory relies on ongoing low-level interferon gamma signaling.
  • A brief IFNγ exposure generated thousands of enhancer domains that persisted for days and heightened responses to bacterial molecules.
  • Small amounts of IFNγ remained associated with macrophages and nearby tissue, and this residual signaling proved necessary to maintain the potentiated state.
  • Neutralizing IFNγ or blocking JAK signaling erased the enhancers and dampened macrophage responses, demonstrating pharmacological reversibility.
  • The authors note consistency with mouse studies reversing BCG-trained immunity and suggest therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases, while stressing unanswered questions about other stimuli and in vivo relevance.