Overview
- Seven projected hard forks are mapped through 2029 on an approximate six-month cadence, subject to community consensus.
- Slot times are envisioned to drop stepwise from 12 seconds toward 8, 6, 4, 3 and potentially 2 seconds, with one-round Minimmit finality targeting roughly 6–16 seconds.
- Throughput goals include about 1 gigagas per second on Layer 1 (near 10,000 TPS via zkEVM proving) and “teragas” data bandwidth for Layer 2s (~10 million TPS using data availability sampling.
- A phased transition to post-quantum, hash-based signatures is proposed, with slot-level protections potentially arriving before finality-level protections.
- Glamsterdam and Hegotá are named 2026 forks that begin the sequence, with enablers such as erasure-coded peer-to-peer networking and smaller attester committees, and with quarterly roadmap updates planned.