Buterin Outlines Two-Track Plan to Scale Ethereum Starting With Glamsterdam

The roadmap emphasizes security-first upgrades to raise throughput without pricing out smaller validators.

Overview

Near-term changes in the Glamsterdam fork include block-level access lists and enshrined PBS to enable parallel verification and fuller use of each slot.
Gas repricing separates state-creation costs from execution, with higher charges for expanding state and a Reservoir mechanism to support multidimensional gas within the EVM.
State-creation gas would not count toward the ~16 million transaction gas cap, allowing larger contracts and letting execution capacity grow independently of on-chain state growth.
PeerDAS and blob expansion form the longer-term data path, targeting roughly 8 MB per second and moving block data into blobs so validators can confirm availability without storing full history.
ZK-EVM adoption is phased, with ~5% validator attester testing in 2026, broader minority use near 20% in 2027, and an eventual 3-of-5 independent multi-proof requirement, with the touted 1,000x capacity framed as a long-term ceiling.